Toxicity of Chemical Substances in Groundwater of Jhunjhunu District of Rajasthan, India: A Physicochemical Analysis
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are a lifeline of all living organisms. According to the ICMR standard, a 0.6 mg/l fluoride concentration is required for human teeth and bones while more than 1.5 mg/l fluoride concentration is responsible for various human diseases. 42 groundwater and deep wells samples have been collected from Chirawa, Buhana, and Surajgarh of the Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan for the meta-assessment of fluoride concentration. All water samples are analyzed through physiochemical methods. Fluoride concentration was determined with the help of the APHA-23nd 2017 method. The highest concentration of fluoride was found at 1.4 mg/l of Kakoda (Sample number 16) while the lower concentration of fluoride was found at 0.7 1.4 mg/l of three places as Pilani water box, Morva, and Chirawa CHC (Sample numbers 1, 10, 30). The fluoride concentration of the remaining places was found suitable for human beings. The lower total hardness has been found at 120 mg/l in S-1 while a maximum of 296 mg/l in S-14.
